Learn Microcontroller Theory And Application With Ajay V Deshmukh's Book - Free PDF Download

# New Microcontroller Theory And Application Ajay V Deshmukh Free Download Pdf Of Full Book ## Introduction - What are microcontrollers and why are they important? - What are the features and benefits of microcontrollers? - What are the applications of microcontrollers in various fields? - What is the purpose and scope of this book? ## Microcontroller Basics - What are the components and architecture of a microcontroller? - What are the types and classifications of microcontrollers? - What are the programming languages and tools for microcontrollers? - What are the common peripherals and interfaces for microcontrollers? ## Microcontroller Theory - How do microcontrollers execute instructions and perform operations? - How do microcontrollers communicate with external devices and networks? - How do microcontrollers handle interrupts and timers? - How do microcontrollers manage memory and power? ## Microcontroller Application - How to design and develop microcontroller-based projects? - How to test and debug microcontroller-based systems? - How to optimize and improve microcontroller performance and efficiency? - How to use microcontrollers for various applications such as robotics, automation, IoT, etc.? ## Microcontroller Book Review - Who is the author of this book and what is his background? - What are the contents and structure of this book? - What are the advantages and disadvantages of this book? - How to access and download this book for free? ## Conclusion - Summarize the main points of the article - Emphasize the importance and relevance of microcontrollers - Provide some recommendations and suggestions for further learning - Invite feedback and comments from the readers ## FAQs - List 5 common questions and answers related to the topic Now, based on this outline, I will start writing the article step by step. Please wait for a few minutes while I generate the content. Thank you for your patience.? # New Microcontroller Theory And Application Ajay V Deshmukh Free Download Pdf Of Full Book ## Introduction Microcontrollers are small, low-cost, programmable electronic devices that can control other devices and systems. They are widely used in various fields such as industrial automation, robotics, consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, medical, etc. Microcontrollers have many features and benefits such as high performance, low power consumption, flexibility, reliability, security, etc. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive and practical guide to the theory and application of microcontrollers. It covers the architecture, programming and interfacing of Intel's MCS-8051. It also covers the ATMEL 89CXX61 & 89C51 and PIC 16C6X & 16C7X microcontrollers in detail. The book explains the concepts and principles of microcontrollers with examples and exercises. The book also presents various projects and applications of microcontrollers in different domains. If you are interested in learning more about microcontrollers and how to use them for your own projects, then this book is for you. In this article, we will review the main topics covered in this book and show you how to access and download it for free. ## Microcontroller Basics Before we dive into the theory and application of microcontrollers, let us first understand some basic concepts and terms related to them. ### What are the components and architecture of a microcontroller? A microcontroller is composed of several components such as: - A central processing unit (CPU) that executes instructions and performs arithmetic and logical operations. - A memory unit that stores data and program code. - An input/output (I/O) unit that communicates with external devices such as sensors, actuators, keyboards, displays, etc. - A clock unit that provides timing signals for synchronization. - A reset unit that initializes the microcontroller when powered on or when an error occurs. - An interrupt unit that handles external or internal events that require immediate attention. The architecture of a microcontroller refers to how these components are organized and connected. There are two main types of architectures: Harvard architecture and Von Neumann architecture. In Harvard architecture, the memory unit is divided into two separate parts: program memory and data memory. The CPU can access both parts simultaneously using two different buses: instruction bus and data bus. This allows for faster execution and more memory space. In Von Neumann architecture, the memory unit is not divided and the CPU can access both data and program code using the same bus. This simplifies the design and reduces the cost, but also limits the speed and memory capacity. ### What are the types and classifications of microcontrollers? Microcontrollers can be classified based on various criteria such as: - The size and number of bits of the CPU. For example, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, etc. - The instruction set and format of the CPU. For example, RISC (reduced instruction set computer), CISC (complex instruction set computer), etc. - The type and amount of memory. For example, ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random-access memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), etc. - The number and type of I/O ports. For example, serial, parallel, analog, digital, etc. - The number and type of peripherals and interfaces. For example, ADC (analog-to-digital converter), DAC (digital-to-analog converter), UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter), SPI (serial peripheral interface), I2C (inter-integrated circuit), etc. - The power consumption and operating voltage. For example, low-power, high-power, 5V, 3.3V, etc. Some examples of microcontroller families are: - Intel MCS-51: A popular 8-bit microcontroller family that includes the 8051, 8052, 8031, 8032, etc. - ATMEL AVR: A high-performance 8-bit microcontroller family that includes the ATmega, ATtiny, AT90S, etc. - PIC: A versatile 8-bit microcontroller family that includes the PIC16F, PIC18F, PIC12F, PIC10F, etc. - ARM: A powerful 32-bit microcontroller family that includes the Cortex-M, Cortex-R, Cortex-A, etc. ### What are the programming languages and tools for microcontrollers? To program a microcontroller, we need to write a set of instructions that tell the microcontroller what to do. These instructions are called program code or source code. The program code can be written in different languages such as: - Assembly language: A low-level language that uses mnemonics and symbols to represent the binary instructions of the CPU. For example, MOV A,#55H means move the hexadecimal value 55 to the accumulator register A. - C language: A high-level language that uses keywords and operators to represent the logic and operations of the program. For example, a = b + c means assign the sum of b and c to a. - C++ language: An extension of C language that supports object-oriented programming features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, etc. For example, class LED public: void on(); void off(); ; - Python language: An interpreted language that uses indentation and syntax to represent the structure and flow of the program. For example, if x > y: print("x is greater than y") To convert the program code into executable code that can be understood by the microcontroller, we need to use some tools such as: - Compiler: A tool that translates the high-level language code into assembly language code or machine code. - Assembler: A tool that translates the assembly language code into machine code or binary code. - Linker: A tool that combines multiple files of machine code or binary code into one file. - Loader: A tool that transfers the executable code from the computer to the microcontroller memory. Some examples of programming tools are: - Keil uVision: An integrated development environment (IDE) that supports C/C++ and assembly languages for various microcontrollers such as MCS-51, AVR, ARM, etc. - MPLAB X IDE: An IDE that supports C/C++ and assembly languages for PIC microcontrollers. - Arduino IDE: An IDE that supports C/C++ languages for Arduino boards based on AVR microcontrollers. - MicroPython: An IDE that supports Python language for microcontrollers such as ESP32, STM32, etc. ### What are the common peripherals and interfaces for microcontrollers? Peripherals are additional devices or circuits that extend the functionality and capability of a microcontroller. They can be either internal or external to the microcontroller chip. Some common peripherals are: - ADC: A device that converts an analog signal (such as voltage or current) into a digital value (such as a number or a binary code). - DAC: A device that converts a digital value into an analog signal. - UART: A device that enables serial communication between two devices using one or two wires (such as TX and RX). - SPI: A device that enables serial communication between multiple devices using four wires (such as SCK, MOSI, MISO and SS). ## Microcontroller Theory In this section, we will explore some of the fundamental concepts and principles of microcontroller operation and functionality. ### How do microcontrollers execute instructions and perform operations? Microcontrollers execute instructions and perform operations by following a sequence of steps called the instruction cycle. The instruction cycle consists of four phases: - Fetch: The microcontroller fetches the next instruction from the program memory and stores it in the instruction register. - Decode: The microcontroller decodes the instruction and determines what operation to perform and what operands to use. - Execute: The microcontroller executes the instruction and performs the operation on the operands. The result may be stored in a register or memory location. - Interrupt: The microcontroller checks if there is any interrupt request from an external or internal source. If there is, it suspends the current instruction cycle and jumps to the interrupt service routine. If not, it continues with the next instruction cycle. The instructions and operations that a microcontroller can perform are defined by its instruction set. The instruction set is a collection of binary codes that represent different actions and functions. For example, the 8051 microcontroller has 255 instructions that can perform arithmetic, logical, data transfer, branching, bit manipulation, etc. The instructions and operations that a microcontroller can perform are also limited by its registers. Registers are small memory locations inside the CPU that can store data temporarily. For example, the 8051 microcontroller has 8-bit registers that can store values from 0 to 255. To perform operations on larger values, the microcontroller has to use multiple registers or memory locations. ### How do microcontrollers communicate with external devices and networks? Microcontrollers communicate with external devices and networks using various protocols and standards. Protocols are rules and conventions that define how data is transmitted and received. Standards are specifications and guidelines that ensure compatibility and interoperability among different devices and systems. Some common protocols and standards are: - RS-232: A protocol that defines how serial data is transmitted and received using voltage levels. It is commonly used for communication between computers and peripherals such as modems, printers, scanners, etc. - RS-485: A protocol that defines how serial data is transmitted and received using differential signals. It is commonly used for communication among multiple devices in industrial networks such as Modbus, Profibus, etc. - Ethernet: A protocol that defines how data is transmitted and received using packets over a wired network. It is commonly used for communication among computers and devices in local area networks (LANs) such as TCP/IP, UDP, HTTP, etc. - Wi-Fi: A protocol that defines how data is transmitted and received using radio waves over a wireless network. It is commonly used for communication among computers and devices in wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax, WPA/WPA2/WPA3, etc. - Bluetooth: A protocol that defines how data is transmitted and received using radio waves over a short-range wireless network. It is commonly used for communication among devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, headphones, speakers, etc. - Zigbee: A protocol that defines how data is transmitted and received using radio waves over a low-power wireless network. It is commonly used for communication among devices in wireless personal area networks (WPANs) such as smart home, smart lighting, smart metering, etc. To communicate with external devices and networks using these protocols and standards, microcontrollers need to use some hardware components such as: - Transceiver: A device that can transmit and receive data using electrical or optical signals. - Modem: A device that can modulate and demodulate data using analog or digital signals. - Antenna: A device that can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves. ## Microcontroller Application In this section, we will learn how to apply microcontroller theory to practical projects and systems. ### How to design and develop microcontroller-based projects? To design and develop microcontroller-based projects, we need to follow some steps such as: - Define the problem and the requirements: We need to identify the problem that we want to solve and the requirements that we want to meet. For example, we want to design a smart thermostat that can control the temperature and humidity of a room based on user preferences and environmental conditions. - Select the microcontroller and the components: We need to choose the microcontroller and the components that suit our project. For example, we can choose an Arduino Uno board that has an ATmega328P microcontroller and some built-in peripherals such as LEDs, buttons, etc. We also need to select some external components such as sensors, actuators, displays, etc. - Design the circuit and the layout: We need to design the circuit and the layout that connect the microcontroller and the components. For example, we can use a breadboard or a PCB to arrange and solder the components. We also need to consider some factors such as power supply, voltage level, current rating, noise reduction, etc. - Write the program code and test it: We need to write the program code that implements the logic and functionality of our project. For example, we can use C/C++ language and Arduino IDE to write and upload the code to the microcontroller. We also need to test and debug our code using some tools such as serial monitor, oscilloscope, logic analyzer, etc. ### How to test and debug microcontroller-based systems? To test and debug microcontroller-based systems, we need to use some methods and tools such as: - Simulation: A method that uses software to emulate the behavior and performance of a system without using hardware. For example, we can use Proteus or Multisim to simulate our circuit and code before building it. - Debugging: A method that uses hardware or software to find and fix errors or bugs in a system. For example, we can use a debugger or a programmer to monitor and modify the variables and registers of the microcontroller during execution. - Testing: A method that uses hardware or software to verify and validate the functionality and quality of a system. For example, we can use a multimeter or a logic probe to measure and check the voltage and current of the circuit. ### How to optimize and improve microcontroller performance and efficiency? To optimize and improve microcontroller performance and efficiency, we need to use some techniques and strategies such as: - Code optimization: A technique that uses software to reduce the size and complexity of the program code. For example, we can use loops, functions, macros, etc. to avoid repetition and redundancy in our code. - Memory optimization: A technique that uses hardware or software to reduce the memory usage of the system. For example, we can use ROM instead of RAM for storing constant data or use pointers instead of arrays for accessing data. - Power optimization: A technique that uses hardware or software to reduce the power consumption of the system. For example, we can use low-power modes or sleep modes for turning off or slowing down some components when they are not needed. ### How to use microcontrollers for various applications such as robotics, automation, IoT, etc.? To use microcontrollers for various applications such as robotics, automation, IoT, etc., we need to use some frameworks and platforms such as: - Robotics: A framework that uses hardware and software to create machines that can perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. For example, we can use Arduino Robot or Raspberry Pi Robot to build robots that can move, sense, actuate, communicate, etc. - Automation: A framework that uses hardware and software to create systems that can control processes automatically or remotely. For example, we can use Arduino PLC or Raspberry Pi PLC to build systems that can control lights, fans, motors, valves, etc. - IoT: A framework that uses hardware and software to create systems that can connect devices and networks over the internet. For example, we can use ESP32 or Raspberry Pi Pico to build systems that can send and receive data from sensors, actuators, servers, clouds, etc. ## Microcontroller Book Review In this section, we will review the book "Microcontrollers: Theory and Applications" by Ajay V Deshmukh. ### Who is the author of this book and what is his background? The author of this book is Ajay V Deshmukh. He is an assistant professor and head of instrumentation engineering at Vishwakarma Institute of Technology (VIT), Pune, India. He has more than 20 years of teaching and research experience in the field of microcontrollers, embedded systems, instrumentation, etc. He has published several papers and books on these topics. ### What are the contents and structure of this book? The book has 12 chapters and 334 pages. The chapters are: - Chapter 1: Introduction to Microcontrollers - Chapter 2: Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller - Chapter 3: Instruction Set of 8051 Microcontroller - Chapter 4: Programming of 8051 Microcontroller - Chapter 5: Interfacing of 8051 Microcontroller - Chapter 6: Interrupts and Timers of 8051 Microcontroller - Chapter 7: Serial Communication of 8051 Microcontroller - Chapter 8: Architecture and Programming of ATMEL 89CXX61 & 89C51 Microcontrollers - Chapter 9: Architecture and Programming of PIC16C6X & PIC16C7X Microcontrollers - Chapter 10: Applications of Microcontrollers - Chapter 11: Advanced Topics in Microcontrollers - Chapter 12: Case Studies The book follows a systematic and logical approach to explain the theory and application of microcontrollers. It starts with the basics and then progresses to the advanced topics. It provides clear and concise explanations, diagrams, tables, examples, exercises, etc. It also provides various projects and case studies to demonstrate the practical use of microcontrollers. ### What are the advantages and disadvantages of this book? The advantages of this book are: - It covers a wide range of microcontrollers such as MCS-51, AVR, PIC, etc. - It provides a balance between theory and practice. - It is suitable for beginners as well as advanced learners. - It is updated and relevant to the current trends and technologies. The disadvantages of this book are: - It may not cover some specific or specialized microcontrollers or applications. - It may not provide enough details or depth on some topics or concepts. - It may contain some errors or typos. ### How to access and download this book for free? To access and download this book for free, you can use some websites or platforms such as: - Google Books: A website that provides previews and full texts of books online. 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